Which of the following is true about market value per share?

Market value per share represents the price that investors are currently willing to pay for a share of a company's stock in the open market. This value fluctuates based on supply and demand dynamics, investor sentiment, and overall market conditions. It reflects the overall perception of a company's future profitability and risk as evaluated by the market participants.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe market value per share. Calculating market value involves current trading price rather than subtracting liabilities from assets, which pertains to determining book value or shareholder equity, not market value. Additionally, it does not represent the average cost of shares held by investors, which would relate more to a cost basis or average price paid by them. Finally, earnings per share is a financial metric that indicates a company's profitability and is a distinct measure from the market value of its shares. Thus, option A captures the essence of what market value per share signifies in financial analysis.